It follows from the EU ETS legislative framework that zero-rating of the same volume of biofuels cannot be double counted by operators in the EU ETS and ETS2. Nevertheless, the Norwegian Environment Agency’s assessment is that there is no legal barrier to a batch of biofuel that meets the sustainability criteria in the revised Renewable Energy Directive ((EU) 2018/2001), being used to both fulfill a biofuel mandate and to be zero-rated in the EU ETS and ETS2.