USDA releases landmark study on climate change’s effect on agriculture; biomass potential under stress over water, temperature concerns

In Washington, the USDA released its landmark report, “The Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture, Land Resources, Water Resources, and Biodiversity”, bringing together the results of research work at 13 federal agencies. 38 authors and 14 peer reviewers took part in the project, which concluded that “Climate changes – temperature increases, increasing CO2 levels, and altered patterns of precipitation – are already affecting U.S. water resources, agriculture, land resources, and biodiversity.”

In February, the USDA’s Office of the Chief Economist released 10-year projections for agriculture. The online version is available here. The report projects a very strong outlook for world agriculture including high petroleum and energy prices, a profitable outlook for corn-based ethanol, increased global interest in biofuels production, falling US soy production, and a reduction in meat production through 2013 before a return to growth in 2014.

In the short-term, the USDA reports that soybean reserve stocks have plunged, creating conditions for further biodiesel feedstock price increases, but corn shortages eased in December according to the USDA. For December 2007 compared to December 2006, corn stocks were 10.3 billion bushels, up 15 percent. Soybean stocks were 2.33 billion bushels, down 14 percent, while wheat stocks fell 14 percent to 1.13 billion bushels.

Providing more background to the reserve stock shortages, the International Food Policy Research Institute recently released a report saying that the world is eating more food than it produces, and that biofuel production runs the risk of creating social unrest. The report projected a 66 percent increase in the price of corn and a 50 percent increase in oilseed prices by 2020, attributed to biofuel production. The report also said that global cereal stocks have fallen to their lowest levels in more than 15 years.

The International Grains Council said that it projected an increase in global wheat stocks in 2008-09 due to increased planting. Poor harvests in Australia, Ukraine and Canada resulted in significant shortfalls in production in the past year.

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